The embryos are graded and put into straws and implanted into the recipient cow or frozen for later use. The vets then search for embryos looking through a microscope. When the flush is complete the embryo filter is washed out into a small container. After one side of the uterus has been flushed then the other side is flushed. The extra fluid is released while the embryos are kept in the filter by a small grid on the bottom. 210 - 300 mls of this fluid is injected through the tube and into the cows uterine horn, it is then sent back through the center tubing of the catheter in to an embryo filter. The serum is an amber coloured liquid that separates from the clot when the blood hardens which is what we know as a scab. ![]() The fluid is a sodium chloride based phosphate that has a small amount of serum. After the cuff has been blown up, a fluid for lubrication and nutrition of the embryos has to be injected. The center piece is pulled out and a tube called a catheter is put in through the shell of the introducer and pushed right up into the uterine horn then a small balloon called a cuff at the end of the catheter is blown up. It is pushed gently through the cervix into the uterus. Seven days later the donor cow is flushed and the embryos are isolated and then inserted in to the cows or frozen.Īfter the preparations before the flush the cow is placed in a head bail then the cow is cleaned out, by getting all the poo out of the way then an instrument called an introducer is put into the cow's vagina and the vet puts his hand up the cow's bottom to help guide the introducer. Ten (10) hours after the cow has been on heat inseminate the donor cow with two straws of semen, then 12-18 hours later a second insemination using one straw of semen, then another 12 hours later a third insemination and finally 12 hours after that another insemination if you wish. After all the injections have been done and the CIDR has been pulled, watch the cow to find out the time when it comes on heat. Prostaglandin is a hormone causing the cow to cycle (come into season). On the third day of injections also inject some Prostaglandin. Give the cow a series of injections morning and night with a drug such as Embryo S, which is a Follicle Stimulating Hormone that starts off at between 3.2 ml - 4.0 ml and works down each day to 0.8 ml. The CIDR stops the cow from cycling by producing a hormone that makes the cow think that it is pregnant. PMSG and FSH cause the cow to super ovulate and the PG causes the cow to cycle.įirst choose a donor cow for flushing, then insert a CIDR, which stands for Controlled Intra-vaginal Drug Release. The PMSG is taken from a cows Serum, which is from the blood. The FSH is taken from a cow's Pituitaries, which is a gland in the brain that produces growth hormones and sex hormones. There are three hormones that I know of and they are FSH, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, PG, Prostaglandin, and PMSG, Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin. ![]() ![]() Farmers can use their best bulls over their best cow or heifer and get a good calf whereas now the farmer can run an embryo program and possibly get a life times' production with one flush. Isolation of the good embryos using a microscope and then transfer into the recipient cows or frozen.īasically it multiplies the offspring of the farmers best animals.Seven (7) days later the rinsing out of the uterus to extract the embryos and ova (unfertilised, fertilised or degenerate).The donor cow is inseminated at normal time but 12 hours apart and 3-4 times. ![]() While these methods were successful they were very expensive, required a large setup, and a lot of experience.Įmbryo Transfer is basically, multiple injections of hormone to stimulate and multiply the ovulations in the cow that you want to get the embryos from. At first the only technique was surgical to both flush and implant the embryos. Although that was a success, Embryo Transfer has not been applied commercially until the arrival of the hormone FSH, which stands for Follicle Stimulating Hormone, which occurred in the 1950's. The first successful Embryo Transfer took place in England in the 1890's by a fellow named Walter Heap, his subjects were rabbits. By Ross Wilson, Maffra Secondary College (Year 9, 1992)
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